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    • 专利摘要:
    A method for estimating the state of health (SOH) of a battery, characterized in that it comprises the following phases: First calibration phase (P1) of one or more batteries of the same family of batteries allowing determining a favorable range for estimating the state of health of a certain family of batteries, the favorable range corresponding to a charge or partial discharge of a battery, and determining reference data; Second phase of measurement and estimation (P2) of the state of health of the battery comprising the following two steps: a measurement step (E14) of at least one quantity linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery in a phase of charging or partially discharging the battery on the favorable range; o a step of estimating (E16) the state of health of the battery from the result of the measurement step (E14) and the reference data established during the first calibration phase.
    公开号:FR3015046A1
    申请号:FR1362456
    申请日:2013-12-12
    公开日:2015-06-19
    发明作者:Sebastien Grolleau；Arnaud Delaille
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a method for estimating the state of health of a battery. It also relates to a battery management system implementing this method for estimating the state of health of a battery. Battery management of the state of the art uses a representative indicator of the aging of a battery, often called by its English name of "State of Health" for health status, or more simply SOH. This indicator is usually expressed as a percentage of the original capacity at the new state of the battery, capacity measured in this initial state or provided by the manufacturer of the battery. SOH is commonly used in the diagnosis of a battery. Its evaluation is important for a good control of the functioning of the battery, as well as to better manage its end of life. According to a first approach, the real value of the SOH is measured by carrying out a capacitance test, consisting of a complete charge and then a complete subsequent discharge of the battery, under selected conditions of temperature and current. During this discharge, the quantity of charges restored is measured, which allows to deduce the actual capacity of the battery, and therefore its SOH. The advantage of this method is to obtain the real value of the SOH, since it relies on a measure of reality. However, its disadvantages are that it requires a significant duration, consumes energy, and requires intervention on the battery which is sometimes incompatible with its normal use, that is to say energy supply for the implementation. implementation of a certain concrete application: it then requires a pause of this application, for the implementation of the battery test. For this last reason, this first approach is considered intrusive since it generally requires stopping the normal use of the battery. To overcome the drawbacks of measuring real SOH, other less intrusive approaches exist, based on its estimation. As an example, a usual method for estimating the SOH is to follow the evolution of the resistance of the battery, or by extension to follow one or more impedance parameters of the battery. The wear of a battery is generally accompanied by an evolution of these parameters.
    [0002] The disadvantage of this method is not to directly measure the loss of capacity of the battery, but to estimate it from the evolution of a different parameter. However, the evolution of capacity losses and increases in resistance, or impedances, do not follow generalized laws for all the batteries, or for all the aging conditions of the batteries. Thus, there are practical situations for which the increase in the resistance of a battery is sometimes negligible while the battery undergoes a significant loss of capacity, and vice versa. This estimation method therefore remains insufficiently reliable, and often complex because it requires additional calculations based for example on prior learning to try to overcome its failures. Thus, a general object of the invention is to provide a solution for estimating the SOH of a battery which does not include all or part of the disadvantages of the state of the art. More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide a battery SOH estimation solution, reliable, fast, non-intrusive.
    [0003] For this purpose, the invention is based on a method for estimating the state of health (SOH) of a battery, characterized in that it comprises the following phases: First phase of calibration of one or more batteries of the same family of batteries to determine a favorable range for estimating the state of health of a certain family of batteries, the favorable range corresponding to a charge or partial discharge of a battery, and to determine reference data ; - Second phase of measurement and estimation of the state of health of the battery comprising the following two steps: a step of measuring at least one quantity related to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery in a phase of charging or partial discharge of the battery on the favorable range; o a step of estimating the state of health of the battery from the result of the measuring step and the reference data established during the first calibration phase. The favorable range may be defined by a voltage range strictly included in the total range of variation of the voltage across the battery in a full charge or discharge phase, or the favorable range may be expressed as a range of state of charge SOC of the battery strictly included in the range of total variation of the state of charge of the battery in a phase of charge or total discharge.
    [0004] The step of estimating the state of health of the battery from the result of the measuring step of the second measurement and estimation phase may comprise a time integration of at least one size or a combination of quantities related to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery in a charging or discharging phase of the battery, in particular calculated from the voltage, current and / or the battery temperature on the favorable range. The measurement step of the second measurement and estimation phase may comprise one of the following measures: the charge or discharge is made at constant current I, the measurement step comprises the measurement of the duration (t2 -t1) of the charge or discharge over the favorable range, to deduce therefrom a quantity of charge Q transmitted or restored by the battery by the formula Q = I * (t2-t1); or - the charge or discharge is made at a variable current 1 (t), the measuring step comprises measuring the current 1 (t) and integrating the current in time between the start times t1 and end t2 of the favorable range, to deduce a quantity of charge Q transmitted or restored by the battery by the formula Q = f I dt; or - the measuring step comprises measuring the current 1 (t) and the voltage U (t) and integrating the product of the current by the voltage in time between the start times t1 and the end t2 of the favorable range, to deduce a quantity of energy E transmitted or restored by the battery by the formula E = f U. I dt.
    [0005] The step of measuring the second measurement and estimation phase may comprise at least one measurement of a quantity related to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery in a charge or discharge phase of the battery on a favorable range whose terminals are: - fixed regardless of the aging of the battery, the internal resistance variation of the battery being considered negligible; or - fixed irrespective of the aging of the battery, the reference data consulted for the estimation of the state of health in the estimation step 30, in particular in the form of an abacus, making it possible to take into account a correction the variation of internal resistance of the battery with its aging; - variables over time, their variation being calculated from an estimate or a calculation of the internal resistance of the battery, or from a detection of a variation of a maximum of the derivative of the load by the voltage as a function of the voltage, or vice versa, with respect to this maximum obtained in the new state of the battery, either by a computation from current pulse or by impedancemetry. the first calibration phase may comprise a step of measuring the evolution of the charge as a function of the voltage or vice versa, during a charging or discharging of one or more batteries, for one or more values of state of health of the battery (s) of which at least in its new state, and a step of detecting a maximum of the derivative of the load by the voltage depending on the voltage, or conversely, and the determination of a favorable range respectively of voltage or load which includes this maximum. The calibration phase may comprise a step of determining a law between the quantity linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by a battery in a phase of charging or discharging the battery over the favorable range, in particular by linear interpolation from the measurements made on the favorable range, and / or the construction of an abacus associating a health status value of the battery with a quantity linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the drums. The calibration phase can be performed from at least one battery of the family of batteries in the new state, and from the same battery in a state of aging.
    [0006] The calibration phase can implement a charge or discharge constant current and / or constant temperature and the measurement phase and estimation of the state of health of the battery can implement a charge or partial discharge on the range favorable to constant current and / or constant temperature, the current and the temperature being chosen at substantially the same values as in the calibration phase. The second phase of measurement and estimation may comprise all or some of the following preliminary steps, in order to determine its triggering: - Trigger command following a request from a user via a human machine interface a device in which the battery is used or a device for charging the battery; and / or - Automatic triggering according to a predefined frequency; and / or - Automatic triggering when the electrical conditions of the battery correspond to the favorable range; - automatic triggering during a charging phase of a battery; AND / OR can include the following preliminary steps: - A step of automatic detection of the electrical situation of the battery to detect that it is in the right configuration vis-à-vis the favorable range; or - A step of modifying the configuration of the battery to position it at the beginning of the favorable range. The measurement step of the second measurement and estimation phase may comprise the comparison, in particular the ratio, of the quantity linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by a battery calculated over the favorable range with the same quantity calculated in the same way on the favorable range when the battery is new.
    [0007] The favorable range can be shifted according to the aging of the battery to correct the error induced by the change in the internal resistance of the battery. The invention also relates to a computer medium readable by a management unit, characterized in that it comprises a registered computer program comprising computer program code means for implementing the method for estimating the state of health. a battery as described above.
    [0008] The invention also relates to a device comprising at least one battery and a management unit, characterized in that the management unit implements a method for estimating the state of health of at least one battery such that previously described.
    [0009] The device can be a motor vehicle or a portable object such as a computer, a phone, a tablet or an electronic diary. These objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description of a particular embodiment made in a non-limiting manner in relation to the attached figures among which: FIG. 1 represents several curves of evolution of the derivative of the function representing the charge transmitted to a Li-ion type battery 30 C / LFP (graphite / iron phosphate) during a charging phase of the battery as a function of the voltage across the battery for respectively several values of SOH of the battery. FIG. 2 represents several evolution curves of the derivative of the function representing the charge transmitted to a Li-ion battery C / NMC (graphite / nickel manganese cobalt) during a charge phase of the battery according to the voltage at the terminals of the battery for respectively several values of SOH of the battery.
    [0010] FIG. 3 represents a law of variation between the quantities of charge supplied to a Li-ion battery C / LFP over a favorable range as a function of its aging. FIG. 4 represents a law of variation between the quantities of charge supplied to a Li-ion C / NMC battery over a favorable range as a function of its aging. FIG. 5 schematically represents a flowchart of a method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6 represents a data table constructed during a calibration phase of respectively a Li-ion C / LFP battery and a C / NMC Li-ion battery.
    [0011] Subsequently, the embodiment of the invention will be detailed for two particular types of batteries, respectively Li-ion C / LFP (graphite / iron phosphate) and Li-ion C / NMC (graphite / nickel manganese cobalt) , in a non-limiting way. The described embodiments can easily be adapted and reproduced on other types of batteries, operating on the basis of other types of chemical principle. Figure 1 shows more precisely five curves 1 to 5, defined above, respectively obtained respectively for SOH of 100%, 95.6%, 94.2%, 89.8%, 87.4%. FIG. 2 similarly shows curves 10 to 19, defined above, for respective SOHs of 100%, 99.7%, 99.1%, 95.7%, 93.7%, 91.4. %, 89.5%, 86.5%, 84.4%, 82.3%.
    [0012] The analysis of these curves shows that they are substantially superimposed or parallel, and have certain peaks, which reproduce for all the values of SOH, for substantially the same voltage values. However, these peaks have a height that varies substantially with the value of the SOH. This remark allows us to consider that the observation of the electrical phenomena of a battery in a voltage range surrounding the peaks is sufficient to be able to deduce an accurate estimate of the SOH. In other words, there is a narrow voltage range around these peaks, the consideration of which can be used to derive a reliable estimate of the SOH. This voltage range therefore represents a favorable range for estimating SOH. As a remark, for the vast majority of other voltage values, there is no difference between the curves as a function of the state of health of the battery.
    [0013] On the other hand, the surface delimited by these curves and the favorable range corresponds mathematically to the value of the amount of charge transmitted to the battery during its charging between the voltage values over the favorable range: this surface therefore has by nature a link with the state of health SOH as currently defined, on the basis of the capacity of the battery, recalled in preamble. Indeed, in practice there is a fairly simple correlation between the area disposed under each of these curves over the favorable range and the value of SOH associated with the curve considered, as will be illustrated hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
    [0014] On the other hand, the curves illustrated were obtained during a charging phase at constant current and temperature of a battery. Conversely, the same phenomenon is observed during a discharge phase with constant current and temperature. Thus, the embodiment will be detailed later as part of a charge of the battery, but could however be inversely implemented by considering a discharge phase. Finally, the derivative of the function of the load as a function of the voltage has been observed on the curves of FIGS. 1 and 2, but one could alternatively consider the derivative of the function of the voltage as a function of the load. In addition, these curves were plotted as a function of the voltage, but it could alternatively be plotted as a function of the state of charge of the battery, usually called SOC quantity for "State Of Charge". All these quantities related to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or returned by the battery make it possible to characterize the aging of a battery, its state of health. Following the previous studies, a detailed embodiment of the invention will now be explained.
    [0015] This embodiment is based on a method for estimating the state of health of a battery, shown schematically in the diagram of FIG. 5, which comprises the following two phases: a first prior calibration phase P1 allowing identify at least one favorable range and develop some baseline data related to this range; A second measurement phase P2 of at least one electrical quantity, such as a load and / or a voltage and / or a current, over the favorable range, to estimate the SOH. According to the embodiment, the calibration phase P1 therefore consists in finding a favorable range for the battery considered, and in retaining reference data related to this favorable range. For example, using the examples of a Li-ion battery C / LFP (graphite / iron phosphate) or a Li-ion battery C / NMC (graphite / nickel manganese cobalt), a first step El of the phase Calibration P1 consists of plotting the dQ / dV curves as a function of the voltage V of FIG. 1 or 2, for a few different values of SOH. As a note, in this first calibration phase, the SOH is calculated by a known and very precise method, in order to establish an accurate calibration with real values to achieve a great performance in future estimations. A second step E2 consists in determining a favorable range and associated reference data, represented by the table of FIG. 6. This table shows that it is possible to select the voltage values around the third peak in the example. of the Li-ion battery C / LFP, in a favorable range 6 highlighted in Figure 1, defined by the voltage interval [U1; U2] for which one can consider U1 = 3,4 V and U2 = 3,5 V in a constant way and independent of the SOH. Over this interval, the variations of the state of charge SOC of the battery 30 as well as the charging time are also measured, as mentioned in the last two columns of the table of FIG. 6. In the case of the Li type battery -ion C / NMC, the favorable range 20 corresponds for example to an interval [U1 = 3.7V; U2 = 4V], and the same reference data are mentioned in the table of Figure 6. Note, here is an alternative embodiment which will be explained later in which the favorable voltage range is variable with the SOH. Then, the calibration phase according to this embodiment comprises another step of generating a law E3 between an electrical quantity, such as the quantity of charges transmitted to the battery charging on the favorable range, and the real value of the SOH. . This step allows future estimation from the few discrete values measured experimentally to all other values, by defining a continuous relationship between a certain electrical quantity and the SOH values.
    [0016] This approach is possible because the electrical quantities considered are related to the SOH (as defined in the preamble), are quantities related to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery, such as in particular the quantity of charges and / or the voltage and / or the current.
    [0017] FIG. 3 thus represents a line 7 representing the variation of the quantity of charges transmitted to the battery over the favorable range as a function of the real SOH. This line is obtained by linear interpolation of a few points 8, 9 obtained respectively for two Li-ion C / LFP type batteries positioned in different aging states voluntarily obtained by different aging scenarios. Similarly, a line 27 is constructed from a few points 28, 29 respectively obtained for two Li-ion C / NMC type batteries positioned in different aging states voluntarily obtained by different aging scenarios.
    [0018] As a variant, an abacus may be constructed, making it possible to associate a value of SOH with each value of quantity of charges.
    [0019] This calibration phase comprises a last step E5 for storing the reference data in an electronic memory. These reference data here mainly comprise the data of the table of FIG. 6 as well as the laws associated with the curves 7, 27 defined above. Naturally, the values of current and reference temperature for which the battery charges are made are also stored as reference data, since the method will be implemented using always the same charging conditions, for which the reference data are the same. more relevant.
    [0020] Naturally, this calibration phase can be performed once (on a single battery) for a certain family of batteries, or several times to establish an average that is hoped for more accurate, the results then apply thereafter to all the batteries of the family operating according to this same technology in separate phases when they are used in a system. In addition, according to a simplified variant, the diagnosis could be content with drawing a curve in the new state of the battery, ie for a SOH of 100%, considering that the discovery of a peak is sufficient to define one or more potentially favorable ranges. This knowledge could be supplemented by at least one complementary peak for a significant aging. Subsequently, if one wishes a high accuracy, it is possible to increase the number of real SOH values considered in step El of the calibration and / or to consider several favorable ranges: in practice, the choice of a only favorable range appears sufficient and preferably chosen for obvious reasons of simplicity. According to the embodiment, when the calibration phase has been established, once and for all, the method can use the resultant calibration results to estimate the SOH of any battery of the same type, throughout the lifetime of the battery. If necessary, the calibration phase can be repeated, but it is not intended to be repeated.
    [0021] The method then implements the second phase of measurement and estimation P2 of the SOH, which consists in producing a charge of the battery under the conditions of temperature and / or reference current, and then measuring at least one electrical quantity related to to a quantity of charges or energy supplied or restored by the battery during this charging phase, on the only favorable range determined by the calibration. The advantage of this method, which will become apparent later on in the description, is of course only to require a very short battery charge time, since the second phase P2 is reduced to a narrow favorable range. that is to say a reduced partial charge of the battery, to obtain an accurate estimate of the SOH of the battery. Advantageously, the favorable range represents less than 20% of a charge or complete discharge of the battery, or even less than 10%.
    [0022] According to the embodiment, this second phase P2 of the method comprises the following steps: a measuring step E14 of at least one electrical quantity during a charge of the battery on the favorable range; A calculation step E16 of an estimate of the SOH from the previous measurement.
    [0023] This second phase P2 comprises the following preliminary steps, in order to trigger the second phase P2, according to this embodiment: an automatic detection step E12 of the electrical situation of the battery to detect that it is in the right configuration vis-à-vis the favorable beach; or alternatively - A modification step E13 of the configuration of the battery to position it at the beginning of the favorable range.
    [0024] Another prior triggering step El 1 of the second phase P2 may be based on one of the following steps: El la: Trigger command following a request from a user via a human machine interface of the device wherein the battery is used or a charging device of the battery; - El 1b: Automatic triggering according to a predefined frequency; - El 1c: Automatic triggering when the electrical conditions of the battery correspond to the favorable range; - El 1 d: automatic triggering during a charging phase of a battery (this charging phase being triggered independently, for example because the battery is heavily discharged).
    [0025] The steps El 1 and El 2 or El 3 can optionally be cumulated. The measurement step E14 then rests on a period of charge of the battery, during which the voltage is measured, to trigger the measurement of the charge between the two values of voltage U1, U2 predefined in the calibration phase and corresponding to the range. favorable. This step is performed under the same conditions as those of the calibration phase, in particular current and temperature.
    [0026] Thus, using the example of the Li-ion battery C / LFP, the favorable range 6 was determined during the calibration phase on the voltage interval [U1; U2] = [3.4 V; 3.5 V]. Since the charge of the battery is carried out at constant current I according to the reference value according to this example, the charge Q transmitted to the battery, which is calculated as the time integration of the current (f I dt) between the two instants t1 and t2 for which the voltage at the terminals of the battery takes values U1 and U2, is expressed simply by Q = I (t2 - t1). Thus, the measurement of the charge transmitted to the battery is reduced to the measurement of the charging time over the favorable range. That is why these only values of charge durations have been mentioned previously in the table of FIG. 6. Then, when the duration of the charging of the battery over the favorable range is obtained, it is easy to deduce the quantity of charges Q transmitted to the battery, by the relation Q = I (t2 - t1), mentioned above. Curve 7, or alternatively an abacus or any law established during the calibration phase, then makes it possible to deduce from this quantity of charges the estimated value of the SOH, in the estimation step E16 of the SOH. Alternatively, if the charging current I is variable, the charge Q transmitted to the battery is calculated by the time integration of the current (f I dt) between the two instants t1 and t2 for which the voltage across the battery takes the values U1 and U2.
    [0027] Naturally, the method may comprise a last step E18 of transmitting this estimate to an operator, via a human machine interface of a certain device.
    [0028] In the second example of a Li-ion battery C / NMC, the favorable range 20 is chosen over the voltage interval [U1; U2] = [3.7 V; 4 V]. However, we note in Figure 2 a deviation of the peaks of the various curves 10 to 19 with the aging of the battery, while these peaks remained substantially superimposed in Figure 1 related to the first example previously studied. This deviation is explained by the modification of the internal resistance of the battery with its aging, a phenomenon already highlighted previously. If we denote V the voltage at the terminals of a battery generating (or receiving) a current I, then we can model the battery by the relation V = OCV ± RI, where R is the internal resistance of the battery and OCV its voltage under zero current (called Open Circuit Voltage), the sign + corresponding to the case of the load and the sign - in the case of the discharge. At the new state of the battery, its voltage can be written Vi = OCVi ± Ri I. The voltage Vmi of the maximum of the favorable range 20 is characterized by a voltage Vmi = OCVmi ± Ri I. In a state of aging, the battery has an internal resistance Rv different from the initial resistance. The maximum of the favorable range 20 is then characterized by the voltage Vmv defined by Vmv = OCVmv ± Rv I. The shift observed between Vmv and Vmi is therefore equal to (Rv-Ri) I, and therefore reflects the increase in the internal resistance of the battery. To take account of this phenomenon, which causes inaccuracy in the implementation of the method explained above, a first solution consists in modifying the terminals U1, U2 as a function of aging of the battery to correct the natural deviation due to the modification of its internal resistance. This variation amounts to repositioning the favorable range, by deflecting the two terminals U1 and U2, so as to always maintain the same positioning of the maximum (peak) within this range. To carry out this correction, the second phase comprises a preliminary step El 0 for measuring or estimating the internal resistance of the battery. This step can be done in a known manner, for example from a current pulse or by impedancemetry. As a variant, the curve considered in step E1 of the calibration phase can be reconstructed here, which makes it possible to identify the maximum sought, to determine its deviation from the maximum associated with the new state of the battery, and then to deduce the correction by shifting the limits of the favorable range. The table of FIG. 6 illustrates this embodiment variant with corrections.
    [0029] The previous embodiment is particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to limit the fastidious search for the maximums when estimating the state of health of a battery in its use in a system, without, for example, tracing the curves mentioned to determine a favorable range during the calibration phase. Then, the estimation of the state of health of the battery is done by a very simple measurement and on a reduced range, during a short duration of a phase of charge or discharge. There is therefore in particular no need to redraw the curve considered in step E1 of the calibration phase P1, nor to find the peak or peaks mentioned. Alternatively, however, this curve could be traced over the predetermined favorable range, so over a reduced duration: The advantage of this approach would be to allow the exact calculation of the state of health of the battery by simply calculating the area under the curve on the favorable range and making its connection with the corresponding surface at the new condition of the battery. This advantage would simplify the calibration phase during which it would no longer be necessary to implement step E3 or to calculate several curves in step E1, only the curve in the new state (SOH = 100%) would be sufficient.
    [0030] The previous examples were obtained on the basis of a constant temperature operating hypothesis. In this approach, the first calibration phase is performed under conditions of controlled constant temperature, and the second phase is obtained by reproducing substantially the same temperature conditions. Alternatively, the previous embodiment can be modified considering the variable temperature: a first approach would be to limit the variation of the temperature in a reduced range around the calibration temperature (for example between 20 and 30 ° C if the temperature calibration is 25 ° C), in order to neglect the influence of the temperature variation, and a second approach would be to consider the temperature as an input variable of the calculations previously considered, the estimate of the state of health SOH becoming so dependent on the temperature.
    [0031] On the other hand, in the previous embodiment, the favorable range has been defined from voltage values, this range being expressed as a voltage range [U1; U2]. Alternatively, it can be expressed from the state of charge, usually called SOC for "State Of Charge", the latter value then to be estimated. The preferred voltage approach has the advantage of simplicity.
    [0032] The foregoing method has been described on the basis of the most common approach to define the state of health of a battery, which is to consider the loss of storage capacity of a quantity of charges. In a variant, the same method can be adapted for estimating the state of health of a battery according to another approach, for example by considering its loss in the possibility of restitution of energy with time. In such an approach, the adaptation of this process can be achieved by replacing the amounts of charges with amounts of energy. Thus, the steps E14 and E16 described above will include the measurement of the current I and the voltage U at the terminals of the battery during its charge or discharge on the favorable range, then the energy E received or transmitted by the battery respectively charging or discharge is calculated by the temporal integration of the product of the current by the voltage (f UI dt) between the two instants t1 and t2 for which the voltage at the terminals of the battery takes the values U1 and U2. Finally, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: - The calculations implemented in the second phase P2 are simple, which allows their implementation without requiring a high computing power, and therefore compatible with an implementation within any device, such as a possibly small portable object; - The approach is easily generalizable to any type of battery, simply reproduce the calibration phase at least once for each type of battery; - The process shows in practice that it achieves a very high accuracy; - The method allows implementation of very short duration, which makes it non-intrusive, because it can easily be implemented opportunistically, without disturbing the normal operation of the battery.
    [0033] The invention also relates to a device equipped with a battery and comprising a management unit implementing the method of estimating the state of health (SOH) of the battery as described above, by hardware components and / or software. For this purpose, the management unit comprises a computer, is associated with at least one electronic memory storing in particular the digital data of the first calibration phase, and calculation software implementing all or part of the estimation method of the computer. state of health (SOH). The invention also relates to such software as such. The device also includes a human machine interface for informing a user of the state of charge of the battery, and to interact with it to define certain process parameters, for example the conditions for triggering the estimation. Finally, the device comprises at least one voltage and / or current and / or temperature measuring sensor connected by means of communication to the management unit. As a note, the battery management device, which implements the method of estimating its state of health, can be integrated with the battery itself.
    [0034] By way of nonlimiting example, the estimation method can thus be integrated within a motor vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid vehicle. It can also be implemented in a battery charger or more specifically in a vehicle charging station. It can also be implemented within any portable object, such as a laptop, a tablet, a mobile phone, an electronic organizer, etc.).
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method for estimating the state of health (SOH) of a battery, characterized in that it comprises the following phases: First calibration phase (P1) of one or more batteries of the same family of batteries allowing determining a favorable range for estimating the state of health of a certain family of batteries, the favorable range corresponding to a charge or partial discharge of a battery, and determining reference data; - Second phase of measurement and estimation (P2) of the state of health of the battery comprising the following two steps: a measuring step (E14) of at least one quantity linked to a quantity of charge or of energy supplied or restored by the battery in a phase of charging or partially discharging the battery on the favorable range; o a step of estimating (E16) the state of health of the battery from the result of the measurement step (E14) and the reference data established during the first calibration phase.
    [0002]
    2. Method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the favorable range is defined by a voltage range strictly included in the total variation range of the voltage across the terminals of the battery. battery in a full charge or discharge phase, or in that the favorable range is expressed as a charge state range SOC of the battery strictly included in the total variation range of the state of charge of the battery in a phase of charge or total discharge.
    [0003]
    3. Method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the estimation step (E16) of the state of health of the battery from the result of the measuring step (E14) of the second measurement and estimation phase (P2) comprises a time integration of at least one quantity or a combination of quantities linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery in a charge or discharge phase of the battery, in particular calculated from the voltage, current and / or battery temperature over the favorable range.
    [0004]
    4. Method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the measuring step (E14) of the second measurement and estimation phase (P2) comprises one following measures: the charge or the discharge is made at constant current I, the measurement step (E14) comprises the measurement of the duration (t2-t1) of the charge or discharge over the favorable range, to deduce a quantity of charge Q transmitted or restored by the battery by the formula Q = I * (t2-t1); or - the charge or discharge is made at a variable current 1 (t), the measuring step (E14) comprises measuring the current 1 (t) and integrating the current in time between the start times t1 and end t2 of the favorable range, to deduce a quantity of charge Q transmitted or restored by the battery by the formula Q = f I dt; or - the measuring step (E14) comprises measuring the current 1 (t) and the voltage U (t) and integrating the product of the current by the voltage in time between the start times t1 and end t2 of the favorable range, to deduce a quantity of energy E transmitted or restored by the battery by the formula E = f U. I dt.
    [0005]
    5. Method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring step (E14) of the second measurement and estimation phase (P2) comprises at least one measurement of a magnitude related to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery in a phase of charging or discharging the battery over a favorable range whose terminals are: - fixed whatever the aging of the battery, the internal resistance variation of the battery being considered negligible; or - fixed whatever the aging of the battery, the reference data consulted for the estimation of the state of health at the estimation stage (16), in particular in the form of an abacus, making it possible to take into account a correction of the variation of internal resistance of the battery with its aging; - variables over time, their variation being calculated from an estimate or a calculation of the internal resistance of the battery, or from a detection of a variation of a maximum of the derivative of the load by the voltage as a function of the voltage, or vice versa, with respect to this maximum obtained in the new state of the battery, either by a computation from current pulse or by impedancemetry.
    [0006]
    6. A method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first calibration phase (P1) comprises a step (El) for measuring the evolution of the charging according to the voltage or vice versa, during charging or discharging of one or more batteries, for one or more health status values of the battery (s) of which at least in its state nine, and a step (E2) of detecting a maximum of the derivative of the load by the voltage as a function of the voltage, or vice versa, and determining a favorable range respectively of voltage or load which includes this maximum .
    [0007]
    7. A method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the calibration phase (P1) comprises a step (E3) for determining a law between the quantity linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by a battery in a phase of charging or discharging the battery over the favorable range, in particular by linear interpolation from the measurements made on the favorable range, and / or the construction of a abacus associating a health status value of the battery with a quantity linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by the battery.
    [0008]
    8. Method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calibration phase (P1) is carried out from at least one battery of the battery family in new condition, and from the same battery in a state of aging.
    [0009]
    9. A method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calibration phase (P1) implements a charge or discharge constant current and / or temperature constant and in that the phase of measurement and estimation (P2) of the state of health of the battery implements a charge or partial discharge on the favorable range at constant current and / or constant temperature, the current and the temperature being chosen at substantially the same values as in the calibration phase.
    [0010]
    10. A method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second phase of measurement and estimation (P2) comprises all or part of the following preliminary steps, in order to determine its tripping: - (E11 a) Trigger command following a request from a user via a man-machine interface of a device in which the battery is used or a charging device drums ; and / or - (E11b) Automatic triggering according to a predefined frequency; and / or - (E11c) Automatic tripping when the electrical conditions of the battery correspond to the favorable range; - (E11d): automatic triggering during a charging phase of a battery; AND / OR in that it comprises the following preliminary steps: - A step of automatic detection (E12) of the electrical situation of the battery to detect that it is in the right configuration vis-à-vis the favorable range ; or - A step of modifying (E13) the configuration of the battery to position it at the beginning of the favorable range.
    [0011]
    11. Method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the measuring step (E14) of the second measurement and estimation phase (P2) comprises the comparison, in particular the ratio of the quantity linked to a quantity of charge or energy supplied or restored by a battery calculated over the favorable range with the same quantity calculated in the same way over the favorable range when the battery is new.
    [0012]
    12. A method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the favorable range is shifted according to the aging of the battery to correct the error induced by the modification of the internal resistance of the battery.30
    [0013]
    13. Computer support readable by a management unit, characterized in that it comprises a registered computer program comprising computer program code means for implementing the method for estimating the state of health of a battery according to one of the preceding claims.
    [0014]
    14. Device comprising at least one battery and a management unit, characterized in that the management unit implements a method for estimating the state of health of at least one battery according to one of claims 1 at 12.
    [0015]
    15. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it is a motor vehicle or a portable object such as a computer, a phone, a tablet or an electronic diary.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2790422T3|2020-10-27|
    EP3080625A1|2016-10-19|
    EP3080625B1|2020-03-11|
    WO2015086753A1|2015-06-18|
    FR3015046B1|2016-12-09|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20120169288A1|2009-09-25|2012-07-05|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha|Secondary battery system|
    EP2573578A1|2010-05-21|2013-03-27|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha|Diagnosis device and diagnosis method for secondary battery, and vehicle|
    WO2012148070A1|2011-04-25|2012-11-01|주식회사 엘지화학|Device and method for estimating the degradation of battery capacity|
    US20140009123A1|2011-04-25|2014-01-09|Lg Chem, Ltd.|Apparatus and method for estimating state of health of battery|
    FR3051981A1|2016-05-27|2017-12-01|Commissariat Energie Atomique|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EVALUATING A HEALTH STATUS INDICATOR OF A CELL OF A LITHIUM BATTERY|
    FR3074918B1|2017-12-08|2020-10-16|Commissariat Energie Atomique|PROCESS FOR DETERMINING THE STATE OF HEALTH OF A BATTERY AND DEVICE IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCEDURE|
    FR3090114B1|2018-12-17|2020-12-25|Electricite De France|Battery health|
    CN111380996A|2018-12-29|2020-07-07|宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司|Rapid detection method for cycle life of anode material|
    FR3098921B1|2019-07-19|2021-12-10|Accumulateurs Fixes|Estimation of the SoH of an electrochemical element|
    FR3101429B1|2019-10-01|2021-09-24|Powerup|Method for determining the state of health of a lithium-ion battery.|
    法律状态:
    2015-12-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-12-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-01-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2018-12-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2019-12-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2020-12-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1362456A|FR3015046B1|2013-12-12|2013-12-12|METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE HEALTH CONDITION OF A BATTERY|FR1362456A| FR3015046B1|2013-12-12|2013-12-12|METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE HEALTH CONDITION OF A BATTERY|
    EP14820779.8A| EP3080625B1|2013-12-12|2014-12-11|Method for estimating the state of health of a battery|
    ES14820779T| ES2790422T3|2013-12-12|2014-12-11|Procedure for estimating the state of a battery|
    PCT/EP2014/077397| WO2015086753A1|2013-12-12|2014-12-11|Method for estimating the state of health of a battery|
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